A meta-analysis titled 'Risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients undergoing hemodialysis: an umbrella review and meta-analysis' was published 3 November 2026 in Renal Failure. The work is indexed on PubMed.^[1] The analysis included 97 studies. Authors reported increased risk of cognitive impairment was associated with older age, female sex, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, multiple comorbidities, impaired physical performance, lower hemoglobin levels and inflammatory markers. Higher educational attainment was associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment. This association had an odds ratio of 0.21, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.13 to 0.34. For cognitive frailty, older age, female sex and depression were identified as associated risk factors. Depression carried an odds ratio of 4.66, with a 95% confidence interval of 2.98 to 7.27.